Print Story those other people are so stupid!
It’s pretty easy to be baffled by how stupid the “other side” of the political debates are, especially now that the divides are so great between the left and right wing thinking in most western countries right now.  How on earth could they cling to fact thats that are so obviously wrong, etc etc — I must confess that I repeatedly come to this conclusion myself.


Lately I’ve been reading a book about the last couple of decades of research about the mass dinosaur extinction that occurred about 65M years ago.  The author goes into a lot of detail about how these groups of well-intentioned scientists completely ignored evidence to the contrary and continued to insist for years that an impact scenario was unlikely.  They would use selective evidence, ignore recent findings and pick old research data instead of new ones, quote from one part of a paper out of context and ignore the rest which contradicted their thesis — the list goes on.  Any political observer will note that this pretty much exactly the same process that “the other side” uses to construct a false argument.

If a bunch of scientists trained in logic with very little at stake in the argument beyond personal pride can ignore evidence and come to a false conclusion, is it any wonder that political arguments are even worse — especially when the stakes are much higher and personal conflicts of interest are massive?

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those other people are so stupid! | 47 comments (47 topical, 0 hidden) | Trackback
for my class last semester, by garlic (2.00 / 0) #1 Wed Jul 05, 2006 at 11:33:42 PM EST
we had to do read some papers out of the ieee archives. Man o man, those papers were poorly written and not very well argued.



This is why all humans must die by theboz (2.00 / 0) #2 Wed Jul 05, 2006 at 11:35:55 PM EST
If there are no people left to be wrong, does that mean that everything is right with the world?
- - - - -
That's what I always say about you, boz, you have a good memory for random facts about pussy. -- joh3n


um by theantix (2.00 / 0) #3 Wed Jul 05, 2006 at 11:38:08 PM EST
What did all that have to do with anyone not being wrong?  I'm saying that people have an enormous capacity to justify themselves being obviously wrong, not that there is no right and wrong.
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[ Parent ]

Right by theboz (4.00 / 1) #4 Wed Jul 05, 2006 at 11:39:59 PM EST
My comment was basically on your statement about if the scientists being trained in logic are still acting like biased fuckheads, then we're doomed and probably don't deserve to have the level of intelligence that we are capable of, because we so rarely use it as a species.
- - - - -
That's what I always say about you, boz, you have a good memory for random facts about pussy. -- joh3n
[ Parent ]

gotcha. by theantix (2.00 / 0) #5 Wed Jul 05, 2006 at 11:47:53 PM EST
And,yes.
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[ Parent ]

Jesus loves you! by MohammedNiyalSayeed (4.00 / 1) #6 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 12:03:40 AM EST

I think you're a dick!

Which is why I, too, love you.


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You can build the most elegant fountain in the world, but eventually a winged rat will be using it as a drinking bowl.


hey by theantix (4.00 / 2) #9 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 01:25:58 AM EST
At least you're not imaginary.
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[ Parent ]

where'd you hear scientists are trained in logic? by rmg (4.00 / 1) #7 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 12:06:29 AM EST
hell, even mathematicians are only versed in the basics, except those few who specialize in the subject. logic is pretty much useless for the most part anyway.

anyway, i know you're godless, but things are a little clearer to some people. for example, when some people see a "megachurch" erecting an idol thrusting national symbols into the place of worship, you don't need "logic" to see there's something very wrong in america.

what were they thinking as the inscribed the first commandment on those tablets? did they even bother to read what they were writing?




[t]rolling retards conversation, period.


damn right by martingale (2.00 / 0) #12 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 04:26:44 AM EST
Those stupid mathematicians are just like hight school drop outs who only ever learned to add, subtract, multiply and divide properly. Useless fools, what can anybody do with arithmetic?
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$E(X_t|F_s) = X_s,\quad t > s$
[ Parent ]

Brains by ucblockhead (2.00 / 0) #8 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 01:08:24 AM EST
One fascinating result in cognitive science is that it is pretty easy to set up experiments that show that the reasoning that people give for doing/saying something can be completely unrelated to why they do/say it.

In some cases, epilepsy gets so bad that it can only be treated with a type of brain surgery. Essentially they cut the nerve bundle that connects the right and left brains. (Perhaps they no longer do this...I have no idea.) People treated this way were able to function fairly well but when experimented on in laboratory conditions, interesting things were discovered. They would show these people two pictures, one in either eye, and ask them to say the name of the object and also point to a picture of it. They will say the name of the object seen by one eye and point to an object seen by the other eye. What is really fascinating is that patients will give long, detail explanations as to why the object they named does not match the object they pointed to.

There's a real sense that our descriptions of our own behavior are after-the-fact guesses.

Another relevent bit concerning how the brain works is this: Senses aren't one way. That is, the naive idea, that light hits the retina, and is analyzed until a picture forms in the mind, is completely incorrect. Instead, the retina sends a signal inward while the brain sends what it expects to see outward and what we actually perceive is the interaction between those to things. That is, what we perceive of the world is deeply influenced by what we expect to perceive in the world. This is something that pervades the brain at all leaves.

Also an interesting feature of neural networks is that the more they learn, the harder they are to teach. (There's a name for this effect that I cannot recall.) "New" networks readily take up new information, but older networks have to be battered with contrary evidence before they'll change.

Most scientific advances are made by relatively young scientists because young scientists are not as wedded to the conventional wisdom. And, in fact, when you see examples of older scientists making breakthroughs (i.e. Darwin) it is usually in a period where no one has any sort of decent alternative.
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ウセーバラケダ


that doesn't make any sense by martingale (2.00 / 0) #14 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 04:54:28 AM EST
If you show a patient a different picture in each eye, and they name the left one, how do you expect them to see a discrepancy and come up with some explanation? I don't follow your experimental setup.

Re neural networks, you're talking about the behaviour of generalization error with increasing data. The effect is exactly what you expect if each training sample is treated with equal weight, from symmetry.

"The more they learn, the harder they are to teach": You wouldn't have that effect if you implemented a training policy where old data is discounted more aggressively, ie you simulate forgetfulness.

Most scientific advances are made by relatively young scientists because young scientists are not as wedded to the conventional wisdom.
I don't think conventional wisdom is the issue. Younger scientists don't tend to have much knowledge, which means when they come up with something others find interesting they must be working in a new area. A young scientist who's working in a well researched area instead is competing with old hands who can easily spot flaws and improve their work.
--
$E(X_t|F_s) = X_s,\quad t > s$
[ Parent ]

answer by ucblockhead (2.00 / 0) #31 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 12:03:24 PM EST
If you show a patient a different picture in each eye, and they name the left one, how do you expect them to see a discrepancy and come up with some explanation? I don't follow your experimental setup.

The barrier that prevents each eye from seeing both is removed.
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ウセーバラケダ
[ Parent ]

Cool by theantix (2.00 / 0) #24 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 09:58:40 AM EST
That's a nice physical angle to the story to complement the more anecdotal story I told.  Thanks, it was interesting. :-)
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Great divide between left and right thinking by TheophileEscargot (4.00 / 1) #10 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 01:43:36 AM EST
I think that might be just a North American thing, rather than a western countries thing.

Here in the UK, the divides are so narrow you could barely get a cigarette paper between them. On the European continent, with their proportional representation systems, it doesn't really apply either.

Where is your blog anyway? Your user page seems to link here but I can't see much content. Do you have an RSS feed?
--
"Everything is vague to a degree you do not realize till you have tried to make it precise." -- Bertrand Russell


Got to agree by jump the ladder (2.00 / 0) #13 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 04:53:56 AM EST
You don't have the big Christian right here so much so abortion, gay marriage and other moral issues aren't so divisive. And there's very little difference in foreign policy either. The basic difference seems to be +/-2% of GDP that goes on taxes.

Italy, I think, is more polarised but other European countries aren't in general.

[ Parent ]

There was a Times article a while back by R Mutt (4.00 / 1) #16 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 05:30:22 AM EST
Arguing that in the UK the ideological wars have basically been settled. On economic issues (free markets, punitive taxation, nationized industry) the Right won. On social issues (homosexuality, abortion, welfare state) the Left won.

[ Parent ]

Other things by ucblockhead (2.00 / 0) #33 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 12:12:02 PM EST
In the US, at least, you've still got the after effects of the loss of a war (Vietnam) and the after effects of the Watergate Scandals. (Which seems to have started a cycle of revenge-investigations.)

You've also got a fairly fundamental political shift over the last fifty years where the parties have essentially changed geographic positions. The Democrats used to be southern and rural, the Republicans northern and urban. In that sense, both parties are essentially on the move.
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ウセーバラケダ
[ Parent ]

theantix sometimes uses a pseudonym by Imperial Mince (4.00 / 1) #17 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 05:50:32 AM EST
http://ryanthiessen.com/blog/
http://ryanthiessen.com/blog/feed/
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This space reserved for whining like a little bitch and being sanctimonious.
[ Parent ]

Keep in mind by theantix (2.00 / 0) #25 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 10:02:39 AM EST
I'm not talking about the actual political parties, which rhetoric towards the centre here too.  I'm talking about politically interested people on each "side".  Is what you are saying still true?  (I'm asking, not telling -- interested in the response because I don't know).

The urls Imperial Mince gave are correct.
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Not really by jump the ladder (2.00 / 0) #28 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 11:19:33 AM EST
Don't have a Ukian equivalent of DailyKos or Free Republic. No Fox News either. Politics isn't that ideological although you have a few on either wing.

[ Parent ]

true fact type story by theantix (2.00 / 0) #30 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 11:27:36 AM EST
A lot of people around here still drive around with John Kerry 2004 bumper stickers on their cars.  This being despite the fact that it's a known scientific fact that John Kerry is literally a bump on a log (cedar, in case you were wondering).  But that's how politically charged things are here, people are so desperate to personally distinguish themselves from what their federal gov't is doing on a daily basis.  Crazy crazy.

Oh well.  Thanks for your perspective.  :-)
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Probably because by jump the ladder (2.00 / 0) #32 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 12:10:08 PM EST
Blair isn't quite as hated with same venom by his opponents or loved by his partisans as Bush is, explains quite a lot even though he's more or less done the same things on the foreign policy and civil liberties front. Then again he's not trying to repeal the abortion act or trying to ban gay marriage and there's some half arsed attempt at a welfare state here.

Different culture, different economics, different politics. I suppose the nearest we would have got to the partisan politics you have at the moment would been when Mrs T was in power. Now she was divisive fgure :)

[ Parent ]

I find it odd. by ucblockhead (2.00 / 0) #40 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 01:17:15 PM EST
I've never entirely understood how Bush could be so well liked by his partisans. I mean, even though I didn't care for Reagan I understood his appeal as he was quite charismatic. There's something about Bush that polarizes people. I mean, again, if I had personally in a room with Reagan, I suspect I'd be able to have a pleasant conversation with the man. (Same goes for Bush senior.) But the current Bush...I seriously don't think I could be civil...
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ウセーバラケダ
[ Parent ]

Ummm... by ObviousTroll (2.00 / 0) #37 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 12:44:05 PM EST
And yet, to this outsider, the way Blair is treated by portions of the UK press seems quite similar to DKos stuff.

Is that not true?

Also, while it seems to have faded, the whole football-hooligans-as-potential-fascists thing wasn't that long ago.


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Faith, and the possibility of weaponized kissing?
[ Parent ]

Well by TheophileEscargot (2.00 / 0) #42 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 01:46:44 PM EST
Even then, I think things are a lot less polarized than they were in the Thatcher years. Positions tend to be less extreme now.

Back then when the right had been in office for a while some hoped to move even further right, but now they've been out of power since 1997 they have to be more moderate. All but the most hardcore on the left have to acknowledge that the socialist governments of the 1970s went too far with the 95% highest income tax rates and so on.

I can't get your RSS feed to work in My Yahoo, though I can see the XML in my browser. It might not like using a directory as the URL, says:

We couldn't find the RSS file you asked for
http://ryanthiessen.com/blog/feed/

--
"Everything is vague to a degree you do not realize till you have tried to make it precise." -- Bertrand Russell
[ Parent ]

feeds by theantix (2.00 / 0) #43 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 03:05:23 PM EST
Yes, it's very frustrating how picky some rss readers are about the filename of the rss feeds they are reading.

Try http://ryanthiessen.com/blog/?feed=atom
or http://ryanthiessen.com/blog/?feed=rss

Those (sort of) work with the google feed reader, so it may work better with yahoo as well.

Oh and thanks for your input.  I really can't pretend to know what things are like on the ground in the UK.  :-)
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Strange by TheophileEscargot (2.00 / 0) #44 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 04:07:17 PM EST
It doesn't like those either. Doesn't seem to be the file extension, since it won't accept this either.

http://ryanthiessen.com/blog/?feed=rss&yadda=blah.rss
--
"Everything is vague to a degree you do not realize till you have tried to make it precise." -- Bertrand Russell
[ Parent ]

goodness by theantix (2.00 / 0) #45 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 05:22:16 PM EST
Yet another reason for writing my own CMS (again).
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scientists can be really bad by R343L (2.00 / 0) #11 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 02:08:40 AM EST
That's why we have peer review. Of course it doesn't work (there is a field of psychology that studies scientists and the scientific process. surprisingly, most studies have flaws. Not all fatal of course...)

But yeah, your main point is right. If the people that ostensibly are trained in rational, evidence based argument can't "get it right", than what hope are there for the rest of us? It is a problem that strikes me quite often -- I have to force myself to remember that the other side really does believe what they are saying and that (possibly) they are right and I am wrong. It makes it very hard for me to be publicly political.

Rachael

"There will be time, there will be time / To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet." -- Eliot


Well paid scientists are politicians by vorheesleatherface (2.00 / 0) #15 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 05:02:06 AM EST
Because once something has been prooven by a scientist, or life has been made better by a politician, there's nothing left to do and they're out of a job. If problems are left unsolved, the money keeps flowing. And who the hell wants to pay scientists to discover stuff that won't benefit them personally? No one. That is why most trivial scientific research is funded by government.

"Why does your research have holes in its logic Mr. Scientist? Why won't you answer any of my questions Mr. Politician.?"

"Well that's a good question Timmy. You see its because...hey is that a rabbit over there?"

Ka-ching!

And all the followers take the answers spoon fed to them without question. Ain't no use debating with morons. Morons will argue against your facts with heresay that they treat like facts. Stubborn as unmoveable mountains. Stubborn and useful to the ones feeding them bullshit.

"Stabbing someone in the head with a pitchfork is rarely beneficial to the relationship." - MereKat


I'm only an engineer, by garlic (2.00 / 0) #20 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 08:47:43 AM EST
but I don't think scientists intentionaly have myopia. You can't even say that politicians ALL have intentional myopia.

[ Parent ]

Character by ucblockhead (2.00 / 0) #34 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 12:15:48 PM EST
It takes a large strength of character to admit that what you believed about a field you're considered an expert on is incorrect. Most humans do not have a large strength of character. Instead, most grasp at every possible strand of denial to save their self-esteem.
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ウセーバラケダ
[ Parent ]

cognitive dissonance by lm (4.00 / 1) #18 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 07:05:23 AM EST
It feels good to be right and it feels bad to be wrong. Consequently, the human brain works overtime to prove itself right, even if the owner of that brain doesn't consciously seek to do so. Add in a big ego that actively seeks to do so and the problem gets even worse.

There is no more degenerate kind of state than that in which the richest are supposed to be the best.
Cicero, The Republic


Science is human. by blixco (4.00 / 2) #19 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 08:00:11 AM EST
It has an agenda.  Normally that agenda is money.  Sometimes that agenda is "answers," typically to "questions" that no-one actually needed the answers to, but it costs a lot of money to find them.

Sometimes, the information produced is useful to humanity.  That information is typically purchased and copywrittenm by a pharmaceutical company ASAP.

Sometimes, the information explains the cosmos.  That information is typically used in warfare.

Science is human, it is not free of desire.
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Taken out of context I must seem so strange - Ani DiFranco


again, i'm only an engineer, by garlic (2.00 / 0) #21 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 08:50:05 AM EST
not a scientist, but I don't think anyone goes into the field because of the money. Instead it seems more likely that they do it because they want to answer questions that interest them. Since someone has to pay to fund the search for answers, those people paying for it are very interested on getting a return on their investment in dollars.

[ Parent ]

The scientists by blixco (4.00 / 1) #22 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 09:21:43 AM EST
are rarely in it for the cash.  The problem is finding funding for the experiments.  That funding won't exist without an agenda.
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Taken out of context I must seem so strange - Ani DiFranco
[ Parent ]

agendas by theantix (4.00 / 1) #23 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 09:56:37 AM EST
In the case specifically mentioned in the diary, it's hard to imagine how money was really a big agenda.   No one is really in or out depending on what happened to the dinosaurs 65M years ago, they should be able to find funding either way for their various projects.  But I know science is made of humans, and I'm not shocked or appalled at some breach of scientific ethics -- I'm just relating that to another field.

What was at stake was more the old status quo, where they had a centuries-old tradition of looking at the past and using only known present-day factors to try to explain past causes.  Or to phrase it another way, this was a paradigm shift an the old guard predictably did not like it.

They resisted the change not because they had a monetary agenda, their funding would have held up no projects under the new paradigm.  But they resisted change and made incredibly bad arguments to support their position when all it really helped was their personal pride and allowing them to not alter the way they looked at the world.

And my point is right there.  Even when very little is at stake, people whose job it is to know better refused to accept evidence that challenged what they thought they knew.  It's pretty hard to not see the parallel between this and a person who is all too happy to imagine a connection between say Iraq and WMDs.  Worldviews are hard enough to change when there is little at stake, when you add the biases of politics I've betting we're pretty much screwed.
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We're greater apes by ucblockhead (4.00 / 2) #36 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 12:20:21 PM EST
Everyone wants to be the alpha silverback. In an informational field, dominence comes from being attached to the correct theory. It's about ego and social power. In that respect, there was a lot at stake for the people involved.
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ウセーバラケダ
[ Parent ]

Exactly by theantix (2.00 / 0) #38 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 12:51:28 PM EST
Now combine that behaviour with a field which unlike our example actually affects millions of lives in a practical way, and you've got a really nasty situation that looks like... pretty much what it looks like now.
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Let me tell you a little story. by mrgoat (2.00 / 0) #26 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 10:29:39 AM EST
See, once there was a grasshopper, and he hopped about merrily in his field, thinking everything was right in the world. Morgan, (For this particular grasshopper's name was Morgan) had never heard any of these theories about dinosaur extinction. He was, essentially, a blank slate with regards to this specific area of research. Then, one fine day, when the sun was shining, and the grass was blowing and the wind was green, Morgan's friend Robert hopped into his field, and told him, "Hey man, Morgan, we're all going to die in a fiery explosion like the dinosaurs did!"

And Morgan got very afraid, because he had no idea what a dinosaur was, but he didn't like the idea of death via explosive combustion. So Morgan decided he'd travel to the city (Phoenix, Arizona, in case you were wondering) and ask some scientists what was up with all that, that he may allay his fears. So Morgan tried to hop a train. (Get it? "hop"? He's a grasshopper, remember.)

But the train hit ran him over on accident.

Because Morgan was a fucking grasshopper.

Years pass, things change, you end up living in Kansas. But the bag of dicks never leaves your side... - blixco
--top hat--


You t3h f41l it. by ObviousTroll (2.00 / 0) #27 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 10:57:40 AM EST
If a bunch of scientists trained in logic with very little at stake in the argument beyond personal pride can ignore evidence and come to a false conclusion...

I think you "misunderestimate" personal pride and the human desire - even subconcious desire - to be right. Being wrong sucks, you don't like being wrong, and the easiest way to be right is to ignore things that make you worry about being wrong.

Now, I'm not talking about deliberate, concious manipulation of the "facts" - I'm talking about a subconcious, even "autonomic" filtering function of the human mind.

If you want examples, you can cite much more than mass extinction theory - look at how the theory of plate tectonics was treated in the decades before the mid-ocean trenches were discovered.

Heck, look at second hand smoke and global warming - in both of these, proponents of each side of the debate demonize their opponents and make appeals to authority and consensus - but it is also clear that a careful reading of the raw evidence shows (a) support for the proponents of each argument but (b) much smaller effects than they claim.

I particularly like the current bruhaha over second hand smoke - with people like the surgeon general claiming that even one lung full of someone else's smoke boosts your chances of cancer significantly but the papers he refers to say no such thing.



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Faith, and the possibility of weaponized kissing?


you miss my point by theantix (2.00 / 0) #29 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 11:24:12 AM EST
It's that personal pride is sufficient for creating grounds to justify an obviously wrong position, even among people whose job it is to do better.  Thus, when you add people who have no concept of a proper argument and mix in the massive personal biases that politics brings into play -- and thus my conclusion that it is no wonder that people fiercely cling to political positions that have long been discredited.
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I think you missed mine. by ObviousTroll (4.00 / 1) #35 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 12:17:36 PM EST
You seem to be arguing that people deliberately engage in sophistry out of a "my way or no way" attitude. My point is that very few people are aware that they even have this attitude.

Pride isn't the deliberate grounds for anything - I don't think even the most egregious political or scientific hack is aware that pride is influencing their thoughts and their work - actually, I would expect that that lack of awareness is especially profound among such hacks.

And, of course, what makes it worse is that attempts to open a person's eyes to the role their pride is playing usually only makes them fight more ferociously. And, of course, the worst part of all is that this behavior is found on all sides of debate - and the obvious willfulness of one's opponents is seen as grounds for ever more stridently defending one's own side.

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Faith, and the possibility of weaponized kissing?
[ Parent ]

semantics by theantix (4.00 / 1) #39 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 12:52:04 PM EST
I agree(d) with you.
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[ Parent ]

Sadly by ucblockhead (4.00 / 1) #41 Thu Jul 06, 2006 at 01:21:15 PM EST
The longer you stick to a losing proposition, the harder it is to let go. And yes, the more fanatical you are in your beliefs, the more blind you are to opposing views.
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ウセーバラケダ
[ Parent ]

Science by duxup (2.00 / 0) #46 Fri Jul 07, 2006 at 01:37:37 AM EST
One of my biggest personal issues with some science is that as you described many theories about things that happened a long time ago are based on what seem like educated guesses supported by interpretations and so on and so forth.  When you people admit they are wrong and change their theory it is because one leg of their theory was proven to be wrong or shockingly frequently the exact opposite of what they thought it was.  Then a new theory pops up . . . with no more support than the last :(

I think sometimes people try to hard to put things together in tidy packages to explain things.  Same goes with politics.

There was a good show on a year or so ago about how these complex ideas where developed about early man and how a particular type of early human was so much more advanced than another type.  Yet one of the scientists who disagreed pointed out that their entire theory balanced on some misc. bones, some evidence found in various caves (did these people even know each other?), and some crazy theories about how X early humans used more complex tools than Y humans based on the rocks they found.  The whole thing was very creative, but ridiculous also.

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No, not at all by theantix (2.00 / 0) #47 Fri Jul 07, 2006 at 04:20:03 PM EST
Then a new theory pops up . . . with no more support than the last :(

The opposite is true: each time a new theory replaces the old one it is because the new theory has more support to it.  Science is about determining the most likely answers and fitting the evidence into a model that makes accurate predections of future evidence.  If those predictions are false or incomplete, you must create a new model that fits the current evidence and also predicts what new evidence would be like.

At no point is science about being "correct", the only thing that is correct is reality itself.  Some laypeople confuse this issue and think that every scientific model is actually fact, but this is very far from the truth and really isn't the aim of science at all.  The "tidy package" is just a model that helps explain how things work. 

For example, Newton modelled force interactions on a very basic level that worked really good for explaining basic physics.  However, his theory was incomplete with the revelations of quantum mechanics.  Was Newton wrong?  Hardly, his observations fit his model and made useful predictions -- they just had a certain limit to where they could be useful.  Relativity and Quantum Mechanics went further and makes other predictions that re-explain some of what Newtonian physics already explained.  But one isn't correct and the other isn't incorrect -- both are just models of reality, ways of predicting how the world will  act in the future or past.
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[ Parent ]

those other people are so stupid! | 47 comments (47 topical, 0 hidden) | Trackback